Why Brexit Might Not Happen at All - The New Yorker
As I noted on Friday, Britain won't be exiting the E.U. anytime soon. If and when the U.K. government invokes Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty of 2007, which grants member states the right to leave, there will be at least two years of negotiations about the terms of Britain's future relationship with Europe. And that invocation of Article 50 is likely to be delayed for quite a while.
Prime Minister David Cameron's decision to resign in the fall has stopped the clock until a new leader of the Conservative Party is elected to replace him, which won't be until the start of September. Even if Boris Johnson, the former mayor of London, who helped lead the Leave campaign, were to win the leadership vote, it's not clear when he would invoke Article 50. In a column for the Telegraph on Monday, Johnson said that Britain's departure from the E.U. "will not come in any great rush." Indeed, his primary intention seemed to be to prevent panic. "I cannot stress too much that Britain is part of Europe, and always will be," he wrote.
As someone who has watched Johnson's rise, with amusement, since he was a journalist living in Brussels and writing scare stories about the European Union for the Telegraph, I wouldn't necessarily take anything he says at face value. In this instance, though, he may have inadvertently told the truth. Four days after the British public voted, narrowly, to leave the European Union, there are reasons to doubt that the referendum result will ever be implemented.
If Cameron had invoked Article 50 on Friday morning, Britain would now be on its way out: the exit process is irreversible. But thanks to the Prime Minister's clever maneuver—which is surely what it was—the country has some time to reflect on the consequences of Brexit, which are already turning out to be far more serious than many of the people who voted Leave realized. In addition to plunging the country's political system into chaos, the referendum result has prompted a big fall in the stock market and the value of the pound sterling, and it has raised questions about Britain's creditworthiness. On Monday night, news came out that Standard & Poor's had stripped Britain of its triple-A credit rating, another blow to investors. Ordinary people may be more concerned that, with the school holidays coming up, the cost of taking a European vacation, which many Brits of all social classes do every year, has jumped by about twelve per cent.
So far, then, the Leave vote has made people poorer, confirming some of the warnings that the British Treasury and other supporters of the Remain side had issued. Going through with Brexit would also have more lasting implications for British businesses, particularly those in the country's enormous financial sector. Talk of big European and American banks quitting the City of London, which by many measures is the world's largest financial hub, are exaggerated. But there is no doubt that some jobs would be relocated to places like Dublin, Frankfurt, and Paris. "The financial center won't die, but it will get weaker," John Cryan, the chief executive of Deutsche Bank, which employs about eleven thousand people in London, said on Monday.
Some respected economists are now predicting an economy-wide recession, and then there is the future of the British Union, which is much more ancient than the European Union. As the pro-Brexit writer Fraser Nelson pointed out at The Spectator on Monday, it is an exaggeration to say that a British departure from the E.U. would inevitably lead Scotland to declare independence from the U.K.—data from opinion polls doesn't point in only one direction. It can't be denied, though, that Brexit would create the biggest crisis in the relationship between England and Scotland since the 1707 Acts of Union, and it would also raise serious questions about the future of Northern Ireland, which receives a lot of funding from Brussels, and which, like Scotland, voted to Remain.
If Leave supporters could have foreseen the result of their votes, how many would have changed sides? Vox-pop interviews conducted in the course of the weekend indicated that at least some of them were having second thoughts. And one prominent Brexit campaigner has wavered, as well. "When I put my cross against leave I felt a surge as though for the first time in my life my vote did count. I had power," Kelvin MacKenzie, the former editor of the Sun, Britain's biggest-selling newspaper, wrote on Monday. "Four days later, I don't feel quite the same. I have buyer's remorse. A sense of be careful what you wish for. To be truthful I am fearful of what lies ahead."
As reality sets in, E.U. leaders may well be content to let the Brits stew in their own juices for a while. Initial talk of forcing the U.K. to begin the process of leaving straight away has been replaced by calls for patience. Monday's edition of the Wall Street Journal quoted Angela Merkel's chief of staff, Peter Altmaier, as saying, "Politicians in London should have the possibility to think again about the fallout from an exit." To leave now, he added, "would be a deep cut with far-reaching consequences." A majority of the politicians at Westminster probably agree with Altmaier's analysis. But what, if anything, can they do to reverse the march toward Brexit?
One possibility being floated by some pro-E.U. campaigners is a vote in the House of Commons against invoking Article 50. During the weekend, a number of constitutional experts pointed out that, under the British system, sovereignty rests in Parliament, and so the Leave vote was purely advisory. "MPs are entitled to vote against it, and are bound to vote against it, if they think it's in Britain's best interest," Geoffrey Robertson, a prominent British barrister, told the Independent. "It's not over yet."
To be sure, it's not. But Parliament simply overriding the result of the referendum may not be a realistic option. More than seventeen million people
Posted by: sticksandstones66@yahoo.com
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