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[TSPStrategy] Thank goodness for survivor benefits

[TSPStrategy] Thank goodness for survivor benefits

https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2024/08/thank-goodness-survivor-benefits/399126/?oref=govexec_today_nl&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=GovExec%20Today:%20August%2030%2C%202024&utm_term=newsletter_ge_today

Thank goodness for survivor benefits

Even if you have never had a job where you paid into Social Security, you may still be eligible to receive benefits.

Every month, 2.7 million children receive Social Security benefits payable when their parents (one or both) either retired, died or became disabled. The average surviving child benefit is more than $1,000 per month. These benefits provide necessities for eligible family members and help make it possible for those children to complete school. After all, Social Security is a form of insurance, the acronym FICA stands for Federal Insurance Contributions Act.  

Last week during the Democratic National Convention, the vice presidential nominee, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, credited Social Security for helping his family to get where they are today. Walz shared in an Instagram reel that his father died of lung cancer when he  was 19, leaving a "mountain of medical debt." He said that Social Security benefits allowed his family, including his mother and younger brother, to "live with dignity."  

Did you know that your unmarried children can get benefits if you have retired and are collecting Social Security retirement or if you have become disabled? If a parent dies and leaves behind young children, they, like Walz's family, can get benefits to help them avoid poverty. Children are eligible for these benefits if they are: 

  • Younger than age 18 
  • Between ages 18 and 19 and a full-time student at an elementary or secondary school (grade 12 or below).  
  • Age 18 or older with a disability that began before age 22 

Under certain circumstances, Social Security can also pay benefits to a stepchild, grandchild, stepgrandchild, or adopted child. 

Children are eligible to receive Social Security benefits based on their parent's work record if the parent is retired, disabled, or has passed away. Each child is entitled to receive a percentage of the parent's benefit that would be payable if the parent lived, retired or became disabled at their Full Retirement Age, which is 67 for anyone born in 1960 or later. The amount payable at FRA is called the Primary Insurance Amount or PIA. The maximum family payment can be between 150% to 180% of the parent's PIA. If the total amount payable to all family members exceeds this limit, each person's benefit is reduced proportionately until the total equals the maximum allowable amount. The parent's benefit amount is not reduced because it's not part of the maximum allowable amount. 

  • Deceased workers, up to 75%
  • Disabled workers, up to 50%  
  • Retired workers, up to 50% 

Even if you have never had a job where you paid into Social Security, you may still be eligible to receive benefits. The first way happens when one parent passes away and leaves behind young children who are eligible for benefits. Regardless of your age, if you are a parent and take care of your child who receives Social Security benefits and is under age 18, you can get benefits (in addition to benefits payable to your child) until your child reaches age 16 (unless your child is disabled and remains in your care). Your child's benefit will continue until he or she reaches age 18, or 19 if he or she is still in school full time.  

The second way happens when a parent is supported financially by their child. In this case, the benefits are based on their child's work record. A parent who receives most of their support from their adult child may receive benefits in the event of the death of the child. The parent must meet the following conditions: 

  • Must be at least 62 years old and must not have remarried since the worker (your child)'s death. 
  • Cannot be entitled to their own, higher Social Security benefit; and 
  • Must be able to show that they received one-half of their financial support from the worker at the time of their death.  

The history of paying Social Security benefits to children dates back to 1940, when payments were provided to around 55,000 children whose fathers had retired or died before the children were 18. This number grew to 700,000 by 1950. Providing for a child whose mother died didn't begin until 1951. In 1965, cash benefits were extended to children 18 or older if they were full-time students and not yet 22 years old.  After 1972, children could receive benefits on the wage record of a grandparent under certain circumstances. By 1982, the benefits for full-time students in post-secondary education began to be phased out.   

When you apply for Social Security retirement or disability benefits, you will be asked about your unmarried children. Social Security wants everyone to know that if a child in your life has lost a parent, it's important for the child's family to reach out to Social Security as soon as possible. Appointments for Social Security are generally scheduled within 30 to 60 days of when you contact Social Security. Call 1-800-772-1213 between 8:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday to schedule an appointment. Visit Social Security's website to learn more about Survivors Benefits and information for Parents and Guardians.

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[TSPStrategy] Retirement planning issues for women

[TSPStrategy] Retirement planning issues for women

https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2024/08/retirement-planning-issues-women/398836/?oref=govexec_today_nl&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=GovExec%20Today:%20August%2016%2C%202024&utm_term=newsletter_ge_today

Retirement planning issues for women

There are five retirement challenges that many women face when planning for their future.

All federal employees need education, and most would benefit from some experienced assistance when planning for retirement. This is true at every stage of their careers, regardless of age or gender. Today I want to highlight some issues unique to federally employed women.    

According to the Women's Institute for a Secure Retirement, there are five retirement challenges that many women face when planning for their future. Here is a modified version of this list as it may impact you, as a woman employed in federal service: 

1. Women live longer than men. 

  • Longevity risk is real. Because women often live longer, this means if currently married, someday it may be "one of us" rather than "two of us." This means one Social Security benefit stops, and the full pension benefit becomes a survivor annuity which is generally a little more than 50% pension benefit payable while the spouse was living.  If single, the retirement savings will have to last longer due to the projected longer life expectancy.   
  • Out of 408,033 survivors of deceased federal employees, there are 361,739 widows and only 27,410 widowers. The average monthly annuity payable to a widow in 2022 was $1,831/month with an average age of 81.4 years. The remaining survivors were former spouses, children and those survivors having an insurable interest in the retiree.    

2. Women earn less than men during working years. 

  • The federal government is already a step ahead of the private sector when it comes to pay equity, according to the Federal News Network. The national gender pay gap is 16%, while the federal pay gap is 5.6%, according to 2022 workforce data. In other words, in the federal workforce, women make about 94 cents for every dollar men make.  This is better than the national rate of 84 cents for every dollar men make, and it has significantly improved from the 24.5% pay gap in 1992.    
  • According to 2023 OPM Data analyzed by the Partnership for Public Service, the overall federal workforce was 55% male and 45% female, compared to 53% male and 47% female in the U.S. labor force. In general, women are employed at lower grade levels, considerably more than their male counterparts. Women made up most of the federal workforce in GS-3 to GS-9 positions. Notably, 73% of GS-6 employees are female. Men comprised much of the workforce above the GS-10 level, the SES, and positions not on the GS pay scale. Only 39% of SES positions are filled by women. As the grade level grew higher, the%age of positions filled by women grew smaller. 

3. Women receive significantly lower retirement benefits than men 

  • Almost 72% of monthly annuity benefits in 2022 were under $4,000/month (CSRS and FERS combined). At least 55.5% of those were paid to men. However, of the .2% of monthly retirement benefits paid at over $7,000/month, 70.1% of those benefits were paid to men.   
  • As women age, they become more vulnerable to poverty. The poverty rate for all women aged 65 and older is roughly 12% with a little more than 1 in 10 living in poverty. But for widowed women aged 65 and older, the poverty rate is much higher, with approximately 51% living on less than $22,000 a year. 

4. Women have fewer years of earned income. 

  • According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2022, 67.9% of men ages 25 and older were employed, compared with 55.4% of women. 
  • While men have higher employment–population ratios than women at every level of educational attainment, the gap between men and women becomes smaller as educational attainment increases. 

5. Women are more likely to work part-time jobs. 

  • As of January 2024, 89,960 federal employees work less than a full-time schedule (part-time, intermittent, and 193 employees in phased retirement).   
  • In federal employment, working part-time obviously reduces the salary of an employee, but it also reduces retirement income, ability to contribute to the TSP, and earnings used to compute Social Security retirement.  In addition, part-time federal employees pay more of the government share for their health insurance and earn less annual and sick leave each pay period.   
  • According to the National Women's Law Center: 
    • Nationwide, over 32.1 million people (about twice the population of New York) work part-time—approximately 22% of workers. 
    • Nearly six in ten part-time workers (59.1%) are women. There were more than 1 million fewer women working part time in 2021 than in 2019, before the pandemic began. 
    • Women are about 1.6 times more likely to work part time than men: 27.9% of all working women work part time, compared to 17.2% of all working men. 

Here are some resources to learn more about staying financially secure in your life after retirement: 

5 Things Every Woman Should Know About Social Security 

Social Security for Women 

What Every Woman Should Know about Social Security 

5 Things Mothers Should Tell Daughters about Money and Retirement 

Financial To-Do's for the Decades Slides 

and…The Pay Gap's Connected to the Retirement Gap! 

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[TSPStrategy] How to decide if Medicare Part D is right for you

[TSPStrategy] How to decide if Medicare Part D is right for you

https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2024/08/how-decide-if-medicare-part-d-right-you/398775/?oref=govexec_today_nl&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=GovExec%20Today:%20August%2015%2C%202024&utm_term=newsletter_ge_today


This is clear as mud!! dls


How to decide if Medicare Part D is right for you

Although most federal annuitants might benefit from keeping Part D, there are three instances where you could benefit from opting out.

The Inflation Reduction of Act of 2022 included improvements to Medicare Part D, and some have already been enacted—$35 insulin, no more member cost share in the catastrophic phase of coverage, and limits on premium increases. Next year, all Part D plans must include a $2,000/year maximum out-of-pocket limit per enrollee. 

To help federal annuitants take advantage of these improvements, OPM allowed FEHB carriers to offer Part D plans this year if they provide prescription drug coverage that, when combined with the FEHB Program coverage, is equal to or better than what's available through the FEHB plan coverage alone. 

For plan year 2024, 17 FEHB plans auto-enrolled their Medicare members into a Part D prescription drug plan, and more FEHB plans may offer PDPs for plan year 2025.

Although most federal annuitants might benefit from keeping Part D, there are three instances where you could benefit from opting out. I'll also explain other situations where you might think opting out of Part D is the correct decision but may want to keep it instead.

Note: Starting with the 2024 Open Season, United States Postal Service annuitants and their covered family members will be receiving healthcare benefits through the new Postal Service Health Benefits Program. PSHB rules differ from FEHB, so these recommendations are not intended for people in PSHB. 

Opt-out Reason #1: International Coverage

Like Original Medicare, Part D does not provide international coverage. If you live abroad or spend a considerable amount of time overseas, you may opt out of Part D and maintain your FEHB prescription drug coverage. 

If you're just traveling overseas, consider keeping Part D. To help with the lack of international coverage from PDPs, you can obtain travel insurance that pays for medical expenses not covered by your health plan.

Opt-out Reason #2: Pharmaceutical Discount Coupons

Having Part D disqualifies you from using pharmaceutical manufacturers' coupons. There is a U.S. anti-kickback statute that makes it illegal for individuals enrolled in Medicare to use drug-discount programs. 

If you currently use one, and the value of that discount is worth more than potential Part D benefits, opt out of Part D.

Opt-out Reason #3: Part D IRMAA

While PDPs offered by FEHB plans don't have an additional premium, individual tax filers with income above $103,000 and joint tax filers with income above $206,000 are subject to an Income Related Monthly Adjustment Amount, known as IRMAA. In the first IRMAA tier, this would add $12.90/month to the cost of Part D enrollment. Federal annuitants subject to IRMAA will need to evaluate the potential Part D benefits against the IRMAA surcharge when deciding whether to keep Part D.

Don't Opt Out of Part D For These Reasons

To receive OPM approval, PDPs must provide prescription drug coverage that combined with the FEHB Program coverage is equal to or better than what's available through the FEHB plan coverage alone. This means that the price you pay for a prescription should be at worst equal to what you pay under the FEHB plan. 

However, some federal annuitants opted out of Part D this year when they saw higher prices for the same drug, dosage, and pharmacy in the PDP compared to their FEHB plan. OPM encourages federal annuitants who experienced this to contact their Plan at the customer service number on the back of their enrollment card. Annuitants enrolled in a PDP who still need assistance after speaking with their Plan can reach OPM at FEHB@opm.gov 

I've heard from federal annuitants who dropped Part D coverage because they thought their PDP wouldn't cover GLP-1 weight-loss drugs. While it's true commercial Part D plans only include these medications when they're prescribed for another condition, such as diabetes or to prevent heart disease, all FEHB plans are required to cover at least one GLP-1 weight-loss drug.

The Final Word

Most federal annuitants will benefit from Part D coverage, and this is especially true next year when all Part D plans will offer a $2,000 maximum out-of-pocket limit, a prescription drug benefit not found in any FEHB plan. If you live overseas or heavily use pharmaceutical discount programs, keeping Part D will be of limited value and you'll likely be better off with the prescription drug coverage from your FEHB plan. Federal annuitants subject to IRMAA will need to determine whether the surcharge outweighs Part D benefits.

If you believe you have experienced a higher price for your prescription from the PDP compared to your FEHB plan, you can work with your FEHB plan or OPM to get the same FEHB plan price to maintain "equal or better "coverage. It's important to consider all Part D benefits before making a final decision on which prescription drug coverage path to choose. 

Federal annuitants shouldn't drop Part D over GLP-1 weight loss drug coverage. The FEHB plan must maintain coverage for that drug class.

Kevin Moss is a senior editor with Consumers' Checkbook. Watch more of his free advice and check if the Guide to Health Plans for Federal Employees is available for free from your agency. You can also purchase the Guide and save 20% with promo code GOVEXEC.

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[TSPStrategy] Managing your Social Security benefits

[TSPStrategy] Managing your Social Security benefits

https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2024/08/managing-social-security/398651/?oref=govexec_today_nl&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=GovExec%20Today:%20Aug.%209%2C%202024&utm_term=newsletter_ge_today

Managing your Social Security benefits

Wondering when you should start receiving your Social Security benefits, how much it might be and if the Social Security trust fund will run out of money? We answer those questions, and more.

For 89 years, Social Security has provided income protection to millions of retirees, people with disabilities, their dependents, and families who've lost a wage earner. Social Security benefits have been a key element of federal employees' overall retirement package since the creation of the Federal Employees Retirement System in 1986.

Switching to the three-part FERS retirement plan made up of a FERS Basic Retirement Benefit (a defined benefit pension), the Thrift Savings Plan (a defined contribution savings plan) and Social Security, was a big change from the single benefit Civil Service Retirement System that exempted workers from paying the FICA tax and did not include an employer sponsored savings plan until the TSP was made available to both CSRS and FERS covered employees in 1987.  

This shift from the simple and hands-off model of the single-benefit Civil Service Retirement System has been accompanied by a decline in Social Security benefits relative to pre-retirement earnings.  

Social Security is not cast in stone. Benefits and the regulations that implement them are subject to change by Congress at any time. In recent years, they've changed in the direction of becoming less generous in replacing wages earned while working. The amendments to Social Security enacted in 1983, that increased the retirement age, made the benefits payable at 62 (for those born in 1960 or later) now only worth 70% of the full benefit, compared with 80% when the full retirement age was 65 (for those born in 1937 and earlier). 

Social Security benefits are based on the indexed average of the highest 35 years of wages on which an employee has paid the Social Security tax (known as FICA). The benefit formula is structured in such a way that it provides a greater replacement of pre-retirement wages for lower earners and lesser replacement for high earners. 

In 2024, the average Social Security benefit was $1,907 per month or $22,884 per year. For a Social Security beneficiary with average career earnings of $106,002 who was born in 1958, reaching their full retirement age of 66 and 8 months in 2024, this year's retirement benefit would be approximately $38,241. This is an approximate replacement of 35.2% of their career average earnings.  

On the other hand, a Social Security beneficiary with average career earnings of $66,251 who was also born in 1958 would be entitled to a benefit of $28,953. Although this benefit is a smaller dollar amount than the higher wage earner, this is replacing 42.6% of their average lifetime wages. 

Social Security benefits are payable as early as age 62. However, the amount of the benefit is permanently reduced by 30% of the full benefit payable at age 67 for those born in 1960 or later. 

For example, a worker retiring at age 62 in 2024 who earned $69,455 in 2023, his last year of work, is entitled to a $1,668/month benefit. If they postpone the benefit to age 67, their full retirement age, the benefit would be payable at $2,383/month. Claiming the benefit at age 62 results in a permanent reduction of 30%.     

A recent Actuarial Note from Social Security explains the Social Security progressive formula as follows: 

The Social Security benefit formula uses wage-indexed earnings in computing the benefit payable at the full retirement age that is called the "primary insurance amount" or PIA. Regardless of the age that the benefit is claimed, the PIA formula: 

  • Indexes annual earnings for those years when the worker is younger than age 60 using changes in the national average wage index  between each year of younger age and age 60;  
  • Averages the highest 35 years of these indexed earnings and unindexed earnings at age 60 and over, and converts this average to a monthly amount, called average indexed monthly earnings;  
  • Applies factors of 90%, 32%, and 15% to specified portions of the AIME in a progressive manner, resulting in higher portions of earnings replaced for those with lower AIMEs; and  
  • Applies cost-of-living increases for each year after age 62.  

The retired-worker benefit payable at any age is the PIA adjusted for early or delayed retirement. The AIME calculation reflects a worker's career-average earnings level adjusted for changes in the standard of living over the worker's career, which is consistent with a wage-indexed denominator for the replacement rate measure. 

The 1983 amendments were enacted to permanently solve the problem of funding the Social Security trust fund, known as Old Age and Survivors Disability Insurance. But that didn't happen. According to Social Security's chief actuary, lawmakers will face further challenges addressing the OASDI shortfall in the coming years.  

In May, the Social Security Office of the Chief Actuary prepared a list of common myths about Social Security. As you make decisions about when to claim your earned Social Security retirement benefit, keep the following facts about Social Security in mind:  

  • It is a myth that Social Security is running out of money. The fact is Social Security cannot run out of money. Even if Congress allowed trust fund reserves to become depleted, continuing income would cover 83% of scheduled benefits in 2035. By 2098, continued contributions would cover 73% of scheduled benefits.  
  • It is a myth that increasing longevity and disability are the problem. The fact is that disability costs have been dropping. The age distribution of the population is the most important factor in Social Security cost. Population "aging" through 2040 is mainly due to birth rates and shifting earnings levels have reduced income since 1983 and for the future. 
  • It is a myth that the money in the Social Security Trust Fund has been spent.  The fact is that every dollar of income is invested by law in interest-bearing securities backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. These are not "worthless IOUs"! Securities are issued at market yield rates. Securities held by the Trust Funds have always been honored, as have all other Treasury issues, including federal CSRS and FERS retirement benefit payments. 
  • It is a myth that everyone should start receiving Social Security benefits as soon as they can. The fact is that Social Security retirement benefits are designed to provide about the same lifetime value regardless of when you start, on average. When to start is personal—you might want to wait if you are in average or better health. If you delay by working or using other assets, Social Security increases your monthly life annuity at terms available nowhere else.   
  • It is a myth that there is a personal retirement account for you with Social Security. The fact is that Social Security is a "social contract" or a form of "insurance." After all, FICA stands for Federal Insurance Contributions Act.   Basically, benefits paid today are financed primarily from recent contributions by current workers. This is why the age distribution of the population is fundamental—the workers of the day share with the retirees, survivors, and disabled of the day. This is true for advance-funded systems as well. 
  • It is a myth that Social Security is a complete retirement system. The fact is that retirement is generally a 3-legged stool: The 75-80% replacement of your pre-retirement income that is coming from Social Security will generally provide about 40% of career average earnings (varies from 20% to 70%).  The other legs of the stool—personal savings and private pensions—are needed. Increasingly, Social Security is the primary source of lifetime income for many Americans. Thankfully, federal employees are covered by a generous pension benefit along with incentives to contribute to a Thrift Savings Plan due to the ability to save pre-tax dollars that are deducted automatically from your paycheck along with automatic and matching agency contributions for FERS covered employees. 
  • It is a myth that "Fixing" the Social Security shortfall will be hard. The benefits or the revenue need to be adjusted to compensate for the shift in the age distribution. By 2035, scheduled benefits will be reduced by 1/4, or revenue needs to be raised by 1/3, or some combination of the two. What do the American people want? Many options are already being considered to solve the looming issue within the Social Security Trust Fund. To learn more about possible solutions, visit the Office of the Chief Actuary.  
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